Fodder and Concentrate Feed Situation in India

 


Fodder situation 

a. National level The fodder , both Green and Dry are always in short supply to Indian Livestock. The National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology at Bangalore predicted the Green and Dry fodder deficiency respectively at 32 and 23 percent in 2020 and further predicted that the respective deficiencies may increase to 40 and 21 percent in 2025. b. State level:
One estimate done in 2007 put  the green  fodder deficiency in Tamil Nadu as 25 %  with very wide variation in the green fodder deficit status  among various districts in Tamil Nadu. On the other hand ,  in a recent estimate the deficiency for Green fodder and Dry fodder in Tamil Nadu  was reported as 60.53 and 41.7 % respectively

The grim fodder  scenario in India in general and Tamil Nadu in particular may be further be aggravated due to drastic effects of climate change on the quantity and quality of  presently available fodder

 Concentrate feed situation  

Not much information is available on the status of concentrate feed in the country.  The Working Group on Animal Husbandry and Dairying for Five-Year Plan in the year 2001   projected the  concentrate feed deficiency in the country to range between 63.0 and 64.0 %  . The  requirement  and availability for concentrate  feed was predicted to increase from year to year and the deficiency level to remain more or less  static. However , The National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore in 2012   recorded the deficiency for concentrates  to range from 34 to 38 % between 2015 and 2020 and the deficiency level to remain more or less  static.


Composition of concentrate feed

It is  recorded that the   composition  of concentrate feed fed to livestock as 48.23 % Cereals, 8.29% Pulses, 37.35 % Oil cakes and 6.11% Manufactured Feed. A majority of  Dairy farmers often buy the ingredients on their will , mix without any formulation  and feed. This feed mixture do not have a balance of nutrients.

 Of the total feed offered, Excluding Poultry, 50.03% is fed to Cows, 41.86 % to Buffaloes, 5.75% to Goats and 0.44 % to Sheep. Of the total Concentrate feed manufactured, 48 %  was from Western ,31 %  from Southern , 17 % from  Northern and 4% from  Eastern  region of the country.

About the Author


Prof Dr M Murugan, Former Dean, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. 

Animal Nutrition Specialist with 35+ years of experience in the field of Teaching, Research and Technology transfer to farming communities.  His field of Research is Fodder production with special emphasis to Agroforestry systems and the class of livestock is small ruminant.

Dr. M.Murugan has published 43 Research papers in both National and International Journals. He has also published 45 Popular articles ,authored 5 books and 2 manuals. His  research articles are cited in several text books.
     
He is the member of several Professional bodies like Indian Poultry Science Association  Dairy Technology Society of India , Animal Nutrition Society of India and  Tamil Nadu Veterinary Council.

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